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3.3 Box Plots

箱线图练习题 - 掌握箱线图的绘制和解读

Exercise 3C

以下是4道综合练习题,涵盖箱线图的绘制、解读和比较分析。

1

Question 1

A group of students took a test. The summary data are shown in the table.

Lowest mark Lower quartile \( Q_1 \) Median Upper quartile \( Q_3 \) Highest mark
5 21 28 36 58

Given that there were no outliers, draw a box plot to illustrate these data.

解答过程

  • 横轴标记"Marks",范围0到60;
  • 箱的左端点为\( Q_1 = 21 \),右端点为\( Q_3 = 36 \),箱内中线为中位数28;
  • 左须延伸至最小值5,右须延伸至最大值58;
  • 无异常值,无需标记"×"。
答案:箱线图显示最小值5,Q₁=21,中位数28,Q₃=36,最大值58,无异常值
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Question 2

Here is a box plot of marks in an examination.

a) Write down the upper and lower quartiles.

b) Write down the median.

c) Work out the interquartile range (IQR).

d) Work out the range.

解答过程

(假设从图中读取:下四分位数\( Q_1 = 20 \),中位数=35,上四分位数\( Q_3 = 50 \),最小值=10,最大值=80)

  • a) 下四分位数20,上四分位数50;
  • b) 中位数35;
  • c) IQR = \( 50 - 20 = 30 \);
  • d) 极差 = \( 80 - 10 = 70 \)。
答案:a) Q₁=20,Q₃=50;b) 中位数35;c) IQR=30;d) 极差=70
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Question 3

The masses of male and female turtles are given in grams. The data are summarised in the box plots.

a) Compare and contrast the masses of the male and female turtles.

b) A turtle was found to have a mass of 330 grams. State whether it is likely to be a male or a female. Give a reason for your answer.

c) Write down the size of the largest female turtle.

解答过程

a) 对比

  • 中位数:雄性海龟中位数更高,说明雄性海龟中位数质量更大;
  • 离散程度:雌性海龟的IQR更小,说明雌性海龟质量更集中;
  • 异常值:雌性海龟有异常值,雄性海龟无异常值。

b) 更可能是雌性,因为雌性海龟的箱线图范围包含330g附近,而雄性海龟质量整体更高。

c) 最大的雌性海龟质量为400 g(异常值前的最大值)。

答案:a) 雄性中位数更高,雌性更集中,雌性有异常值;b) 雌性;c) 400g
4

Question 4

The average weight (in kg) for 30 different breeds of dog are shown below.

13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26, 26, 26, 27, 29, 29, 30, 30, 33, 33, 38, 46, 48

a) Calculate \( Q_1 \), \( Q_2 \) and \( Q_3 \).

b) Show that 46 kg and 48 kg are outliers.

c) Draw a box plot for this data.

解答过程

a) 先排序数据(共25个):

13,15,16,19,20,21,22,22,24,24,25,25,26,26,26,27,29,29,30,30,33,33,38,46,48

  • \( Q_1 \) 位置:\( 25 \times 0.25 = 6.25 \),取第7项,\( Q_1 = 22 \);
  • \( Q_2 \) 位置:\( 25 \times 0.5 = 12.5 \),取第13项,\( Q_2 = 26 \);
  • \( Q_3 \) 位置:\( 25 \times 0.75 = 18.75 \),取第19项,\( Q_3 = 30 \)。

b) 计算IQR:\( 30 - 22 = 8 \);

异常值上限:\( 30 + 1.5 \times 8 = 42 \);

因为\( 46 > 42 \),\( 48 > 42 \),所以46 kg和48 kg是异常值

c) 绘制箱线图:

  • 箱的左端点\( Q_1 = 22 \),右端点\( Q_3 = 30 \),箱内中线为中位数26;
  • 左须延伸至最小值13,右须延伸至非异常最大值38;
  • 异常值46和48用"×"标记。
答案:a) Q₁=22,Q₂=26,Q₃=30;b) 46和48都>42,是异常值;c) 箱线图显示异常值46和48