251. Evaluate \( \int (x^4 - 3x^2 + 1)\,dx \).
251. Evaluate \( \int (x^4 - 3x^2 + 1)\,dx \).
答案: ( D )
Apply power rule: \( \int (x^4 - 3x^2 + 1) dx = \frac{x^5}{5} - x^3 + x + C \) .
252. BC: Evaluate \( \int \frac{1}{x(x+2)} dx \).
答案: ( B )
Partial fractions gives \( A=\frac{1}{2}, B=-\frac{1}{2} \); integrate to \( \frac{1}{2}\ln|x| - \frac{1}{2}\ln|x+2| + C \) .
253. Evaluate \( \int \frac{1}{2}x^2\sin x^3\,dx \).
答案: ( A )
Let \( u = x^3 \), \( du = 3x^2 dx \); \( \int \frac{1}{6}\sin u\,du = -\frac{1}{6}\cos x^3 + C \) .
254. Evaluate \( \int \frac{1}{x^2+6x+13} dx \).
答案: ( D )
Complete square; \( u=x+3 \) gives \( \frac{1}{2}\tan^{-1}\frac{x+3}{2} + C \) .
255. Evaluate \( \int \frac{x^2+3x-10}{x-2} dx \).
答案: ( C )
Factor numerator: \( (x+5)(x-2)/(x-2) = x+5 \); \( \int (x+5)dx = \frac{1}{2}x^2 + 5x + C \) .
256. Evaluate \( \int 2x\, e^{x^2+1} dx \).
答案: ( B )
Let \( u = x^2+1 \), \( du = 2x\,dx \); \( \int e^u du = e^{x^2+1} + C \) .
257. BC: Evaluate \( \int 3x\cos 3x\,dx \).
答案: ( D )
Integration by parts gives \( x\sin 3x + \frac{1}{3}\cos 3x + C \) .
258. BC: Evaluate \( \int \frac{dx}{x^2-5x-6} \).
答案: ( A )
Partial fractions \( A=\frac{1}{7}, B=-\frac{1}{7} \); \( \frac{1}{7}\ln|x-6| - \frac{1}{7}\ln|x+1| + C \) .
259. BC: Evaluate \( \int e^x\sin x\,dx \).
答案: ( D )
Integration by parts twice yields \( \frac{1}{2}e^x(\sin x-\cos x) + C \) .
260. Evaluate \( \int \frac{5x^2-2x+1}{x^2} dx \).
答案: ( C )
\( \int (5 - \frac{2}{x} + \frac{1}{x^2})dx = 5x - 2\ln|x| + \frac{1}{x} + C \) .
261. Evaluate \( \int (5\sec x)(2\tan x)\,dx \).
答案: ( A )
\( \int \sec x\tan x\,dx = \sec x + C \); so \( 10\sec x + C \) .
262. Evaluate \( \int 5^x dx \).
答案: ( B )
\( \int a^x dx = \frac{a^x}{\ln a} + C \); \( \int 5^x dx = \frac{5^x}{\ln 5} + C \) .
263. Find \( \int_2^4 \frac{x^2-9}{x-3} dx \).
答案: ( D )
Split at 3; \( \frac{x^2-9}{x-3} = x+3 \) on each subinterval; result 12 .
264. Evaluate \( \int \frac{x^2}{(x^3+1)^3} dx \).
答案: ( D )
Let \( u = x^3+1 \); \( \frac{1}{3}\int u^{-3}du = -\frac{1}{6(x^3+1)^2} + C \) .
265. Find \( \frac{d}{dx}\int_{3x}^{x^4} \frac{1}{3-\ln t} dt \).
答案: ( D )
FTC and chain rule: \( \frac{4x^3}{3-\ln x^4} - \frac{3}{3-\ln 3x} \) .
266. BC: Evaluate \( \int 3x\sec^2 x\,dx \).
答案: ( D )
Parts: \( u=3x, dv=\sec^2 x\,dx \); \( 3x\tan x - 3\ln|\sec x| + C \) .
267. Evaluate \( \int \frac{2x+3}{x} dx \).
答案: ( D )
\( \int (2 + \frac{3}{x})dx = 2x + 3\ln|x| + C \) .
268. Evaluate \( \int 7^{3x} dx \).
答案: ( A )
Let \( u=3x \); \( \frac{1}{3}\int 7^u du = \frac{7^{3x}}{3\ln 7} + C \) .
269. BC: Evaluate \( \int \frac{dx}{x^2-4} \).
答案: ( C )
Partial fractions \( A=\frac{1}{4}, B=-\frac{1}{4} \) give \( \frac{1}{4}\ln|x-2| - \frac{1}{4}\ln|x+2| + C \) .
270. Evaluate \( \frac{1}{2}\int 4^x\ln 4\,dx \).
答案: ( D )
\( \frac{1}{2}\ln 4\int 4^x dx = \frac{4^x\ln 4}{2\ln 4} + C = \frac{1}{2}4^x + C \) .
271. Evaluate \( \int (x^2 - \sin^2 x)\,dx \).
答案: ( D )
Use \( \sin^2 x = \frac{1-\cos 2x}{2} \) to get \( \frac{1}{3}x^3 - \frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{4}\sin 2x + C \) .
272. Evaluate \( \int \frac{4}{x\sqrt{x^2-4}} dx \).
答案: ( C )
Formula \( \int \frac{1}{x\sqrt{x^2-a^2}}dx = \frac{1}{a}\sec^{-1}|x/a|+C \); with \( a=2 \) and factor 4 gives \( 2\sec^{-1}|x/2| + C \) .
273. Evaluate \( \int x(x-3)^3 dx \).
答案: ( A )
Let \( u=x-3 \), \( x=u+3 \); \( \int (u+3)u^3 du = \frac{u^5}{5}+\frac{3}{4}u^4 + C \) .
274. Evaluate \( \int 3x^2 e^{x^3-1} dx \).
答案: ( B )
Let \( u = x^3-1 \), \( du = 3x^2\,dx \); \( \int e^u du = e^{x^3-1} + C \) .
275. Evaluate \( \int \frac{x^2}{\sqrt{1-x^6}} dx \).
答案: ( A )
Let \( u=x^3 \); \( \frac{1}{3}\int \frac{du}{\sqrt{1-u^2}} = \frac{1}{3}\sin^{-1}(x^3) + C \) .
276. BC: Evaluate \( \int x^2 e^{-x} dx \).
答案: ( C )
Integration by parts twice yields \( -e^{-x}(x^2+2x+2) + C \) .
277. Evaluate \( \int 9^{3x} dx \).
答案: ( D )
Let \( u=3x \); \( \frac{1}{3}\int 9^u du = \frac{9^{3x}}{3\ln 9} + C \) .
278. If \( f(x)=e^{2x} \) and \( f'(x)=2e^{2x} \), find \( \int_2^4 f'(x)\,dx \).
答案: ( B )
FTC: \( \int_2^4 f'(x)\,dx = f(4)-f(2) = e^8 - e^4 \) .
279. BC: Evaluate \( \int \sec^3 x\,dx \).
答案: ( C )
Parts and \( \tan^2 x = \sec^2 x - 1 \); \( 2\int \sec^3 x = \sec x\tan x + \ln|\sec x+\tan x| + C \) .
280. Evaluate \( \int (x^4 + \frac{x}{9+x^4}) dx \).
答案: ( B )
Substitute \( u=x^2 \) in second term: \( \frac{1}{6}\tan^{-1}(\frac{x^2}{3}) + C \) .
281. Evaluate \( \int x(x-5)(x+2)\,dx \).
答案: ( C )
Expand: \( x(x^2-3x-10) = x^3-3x^2-10x \); \( \int = \frac{1}{4}x^4 - x^3 - 5x^2 + C \) .
282. Evaluate \( \int \frac{\sin\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}} dx \).
答案: ( A )
Let \( u=\sqrt{x}=x^{1/2} \), \( du = \frac{1}{2}x^{-1/2}dx \); \( 2\int \sin u\,du = -2\cos\sqrt{x} + C \) .
283. Evaluate \( \int \frac{3x^2+x-6}{x^2} dx \).
答案: ( D )
\( \int (3 + \frac{1}{x} - 6x^{-2})dx = 3x + \ln|x| + \frac{6}{x} + C \) .
284. Evaluate \( \int 2x\sqrt{1+x^2}\,dx \).
答案: ( D )
Let \( u=1+x^2 \), \( du=2x\,dx \); \( \int u^{1/2}du = \frac{2}{3}(1+x^2)^{3/2} + C \) .
285. BC: Evaluate \( \int \frac{3x+5}{x^2+3x-4} dx \).
答案: ( D )
Partial fractions: \( \frac{3x+5}{(x+4)(x-1)} = \frac{A}{x+4}+\frac{B}{x-1} \) gives \( A=\frac{7}{5}, B=\frac{8}{5} \); integrate.
286. Evaluate \( \int e^{5x-1} dx \).
答案: ( B )
Let \( u=5x-1 \), \( du=5\,dx \); \( \frac{1}{5}\int e^u du = \frac{1}{5}e^{5x-1} + C \) .
287. Evaluate \( \int 21^{3x} dx \).
答案: ( C )
Let \( u=3x \), \( du=3\,dx \); \( \frac{1}{3}\int 21^u du = \frac{21^{3x}}{3\ln(21)} + C \) .
288. Evaluate \( \int x(x-1)^6 dx \).
答案: ( D )
Let \( u=x-1 \), \( x=u+1 \); \( \int (u+1)u^6 du = \frac{u^8}{8}+\frac{u^7}{7}+C \); replace \( u \) .
289. Evaluate \( \int e^x(1-e^{2x})\,dx \).
答案: ( A )
\( \int e^x dx - \int e^{3x}dx \); for second use \( u=3x \); get \( e^x - \frac{1}{3}e^{3x} + C \) .
290. Evaluate \( \int \ln(e^{x^2-x+1})\,dx \).
答案: ( B )
\( \ln(e^{x^2-x+1}) = x^2-x+1 \); \( \int (x^2-x+1)dx = \frac{1}{3}x^3 - \frac{1}{2}x^2 + x + C \) .
291. Evaluate \( \int \frac{x^2}{x^3+1} dx \).
答案: ( C )
Let \( u=x^3+1 \), \( du=3x^2\,dx \); \( \frac{1}{3}\int \frac{1}{u}du = \frac{1}{3}\ln|x^3+1| + C \) .
292. BC: Evaluate \( \int \sin^4 x\,dx \).
答案: ( D )
Parts and \( \cos^2 x=1-\sin^2 x \); combine to \( 4\int\sin^4 x = -\cos x\sin^3 x + 3\int\sin^2 x\,dx \) .
293. BC: Evaluate \( \int \frac{\ln x}{4x} dx \).
答案: ( A )
Let \( u=\ln x \), \( du=\frac{1}{x}dx \); \( \frac{1}{4}\int u\,du = \frac{1}{8}(\ln x)^2 + C \) .
294. Evaluate \( \int \frac{1}{x^2-6x+13} dx \).
答案: ( D )
Complete square \( (x-3)^2+4 \); \( u=x-3 \) gives \( \frac{1}{2}\tan^{-1}\frac{x-3}{2} + C \) .
295. Evaluate \( \int \csc^2 x\cot x\,dx \).
答案: ( C )
Let \( u=\cot x \), \( du=-\csc^2 x\,dx \); \( -\int u\,du = -\frac{1}{2}\cot^2 x + C \) .
296A. BC 296. Slope of \( f(x) \) is \( \frac{x-3}{x^2-3x-4} \) and \( (5,\frac{4}{5}\ln 6) \) is on the graph. (A) Write an equation of the tangent line at \( x=5 \).
At \( x=5 \), \( f'(5) = \frac{2}{6} = \frac{1}{3} \). Tangent: \( y - \frac{4}{5}\ln 6 = \frac{1}{3}(x-5) \) so \( y = \frac{1}{3}x + \frac{4}{5}\ln 6 - \frac{5}{3} \) .
296B. BC 296. (B) Use the tangent line to approximate \( f(4.5) \) to the nearest thousandth.
\( f(4.5) \approx \frac{1}{3}(4.5) - \frac{5}{3} + \frac{4}{5}\ln 6 \approx 1.267 \) .
296C. BC 296. (C) Find the antiderivative of \( \frac{df}{dx} = \frac{x-3}{x^2-3x-4} \) with \( f(5) = \frac{4}{5}\ln 6 \).
Partial fractions: \( f(x) = \frac{1}{5}\ln|x-4| + \frac{4}{5}\ln|x+1| + C \); \( f(5)=\frac{4}{5}\ln 6 \) gives \( C=0 \) .
296D. BC 296. (D) Use part (c) to find \( f(4.5) \) to the nearest thousandth.
\( f(4.5) = \frac{1}{5}\ln(0.5) + \frac{4}{5}\ln(5.5) \approx 1.225 \) .
297A. 297. A particle has acceleration \( a(t) = 1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{t}} \). (A) Find \( v(t) \).
\( v(t) = \int (1 + t^{-1/2})\,dt = t + 2t^{1/2} + C \); with given initial condition (e.g. \( v(1)=4 \)) gives \( v(t) = t + 2t^{1/2} + 2 \) .
297B. 297. (B) Find the position function \( s(t) \).
\( s(t) = \int (t + 2t^{1/2} + 2)\,dt = \frac{1}{2}t^2 + \frac{4}{3}t^{3/2} + 2t + C \); with \( s(0)=10 \) gives \( s(t) = \frac{1}{2}t^2 + \frac{4}{3}t^{3/2} + 2t + 10 \) .
298A. 298. Bacteria population grows at rate \( 200 + 9\sqrt{t} - 5t \) per hour. (A) Find \( P(t) \) as antiderivative of the growth rate.
\( P(t) = \int (200 + 9t^{1/2} - 5t)\,dt = 200t + 6t^{3/2} - \frac{5}{2}t^2 + C \) .
298B. 298. (B) If \( P(0) = 2{,}000 \), find \( C \).
\( P(0) = C = 2{,}000 \) .
298C. 298. (C) Find the population after \( t = 4 \) h.
\( P(4) = 800 + 48 - 40 + 2{,}000 = 2{,}808 \) .
299A. 299. Marginal revenue \( MR = 100 - 0.5q \). (A) Find total revenue (antiderivative of MR).
\( MR_{\text{total}} = \int (100 - 0.5q)\,dq = 100q - \frac{1}{4}q^2 + C \); \( C=0 \) so \( 100q - \frac{1}{4}q^2 \) .
299B. 299. (B) How many goods for total revenue $10,000?
\( 10{,}000 = 100q - \frac{1}{4}q^2 \) gives \( (q-200)^2 = 0 \) so \( q = 200 \) .
299C. 299. (C) At what production does revenue begin to decrease?
When \( MR = 0 \): \( 100 - 0.5q = 0 \) so \( q = 200 \) .
300A. 300. Density of 6 m rod is \( \rho(x) = \frac{3}{2}\sqrt{x} \) kg/m. (A) Find \( m(x) \) as antiderivative of \( \rho(x) \).
\( m(x) = \int \frac{3}{2}\sqrt{x}\,dx = x^{3/2} + C \); \( m(0)=0 \) gives \( m(x)=x^{3/2} \) .
300B. 300. (B) Mass 2 m from left end, to nearest tenth kg?
\( m(2) = 2^{3/2} = \sqrt{8} \) kg \( \approx 2.83 \) kg .
300C. 300. (C) Total mass of rod to nearest tenth kg?
At \( x=6 \): \( m(6) = 6^{3/2} = \sqrt{216} \) kg \( \approx 14.7 \) kg .